HUKM (Law / Ruling)
A law is to decide or make a judgment.
There are three types of Hukms.
· Hukm AQL – Laws of Intellect
· Hukm Adat – Laws of Nature
· Hukm Shari’ - Sacred Law
Hukm AQL
1. Wajib – Necessary
2. Jaiz – Possible/Concievable
3. Mustahil – Impossible/Inconcieveable
These are the only three ways the mind can judge, or categorise anything that is in existence or not in existence.
If I told you ‘square triangle’, your mind will try to conceive what I am talking about. It is inconceivable so it puts it Mustahil. If I say a shape is either a Square or a Triangle, then you place it in Jaiz.
If I say the father is younger than the son, you would place it in mustahil (lets not talk of Time Travel yet). Yet the father is older than the son, it is Wajib.
If I say to you something is outside, it is both moving and still at the same time, in the same place. You can not conceive it, its Mustahil.
It is either moving or still. Well then for it to be either one of those two options is Wajib. It has to be either moving or either still. For it to be still or to be moving, it is Jaiz that something is moving and Jaiz that something is still.
Now knowing how rationale and logic works on a common basic basis. After establishing this, we can communicate with others and form a logical rationale basis for the existence of God. This is what we shall do when going through the 68 Aqeedah, seeing what is Mustahil, Jaiz and Wajib for Allah and Rasul(saw), their Essence, Attributes and Actions; plus those of Creation and our own selves.
Most people gather their beliefs through experience alone, or just through following the crowd around them. They do not themselves personally form a rationale or logical understanding of their own convictions or lack of conviction.
“Logic is Maths in Language” – you can not separate the two, otherwise you get conflict. Both come from the same source.
Hukm Adat
1. YES – YES
2. YES – NO
3. NO – NO
4. NO – YES
The laws of nature are rules and principles based on trial and error explaining natural phenomena. There is Cause and there is Effect.
Materialists believe in Casuality, in that all effects have a cause and all causes have an effect. The Counter Factual Statement is that there can not be an effect without a cause… well then what was the cause of the universe, the world and this life?
In Islam, we believe that yes, the way nature behaves is a sign of Allah’s creativity. However Allah is not bound by such laws. Hence we have miracles that break these so-called laws of casual nature. Allah has not cause, Allah is the cause of all effects. Can it be otherwise?
You put the person in fire, the person burns. Yes Person in Fire, Yes Burns. Don’t place person in fire, doesn’t not Burn. No Person in Fire, No Burning. Place Prophet Ibrahim(a.s.) in fire, he did not burn! Also, there is spontaneous combustion and other things. Not to forget the spiritual and unseen realms. The realms of Jinn and Angels. There is Black Magic, so you can create fire out of seemingly nothing.
With materialist and casuality attitudes, Science gets into a headache, it cant fit anomalies and phenomena’s. In Islam, we are not meant to be so caught up and trapped in this. Science should be the study of how Allah has decided things. Not how things decided for themselves upon chance and probability.
Hukm Shari’
1. Wajib – necessary
2. Mustahub – recommended
3. Mubah – optional
4. Macruh – disliked/offensive [deviant belief]
5. Haram - [kafir belief]
We will be looking at different types of beliefs in many areas whilst going through the 68 Aqeedah. We will see how some beliefs fall into these five categories and why.
You must understand, that when something is made Wajib or Fardh, Allah is not being a Tyrant. Allah is All-Wise and All-Loving, yet we do not know. You see Halal/Fard/Wajib things are what keeps you close to Allah and Rasul(s.a.w.) or draws you closer to them. Haram things are those that take you away from them. So, what is it that you want?
In the West, their rulings are either Legal or Illegal, with some rare exceptions.
In Islam some scholars have stretched this to 12 categories. So now you can see how comprehensive Shariah really is meant to be. When Westerners look at Shariah, they apply their own understanding of legal and illegal to Shariah. So you either get your Head Cut off, or something cut off, or not. They make it black and white like that, cause their systems are black and white. Our system is meant to be a spectrum, reflecting all the colours of Allah’s Creation.
Imam Said Nursi said that a sign of intelligence is to distinguish between the three hukms. Some people confuse, blur and mix them up. For instance… because you caused something to happen, it led to a bad effect or consequence, thus you get punished. Or the idea that it’s the Intellect that makes
However, one must have it clear, that Prophecy leads Philosophy. In the West we try to justify Prophecy with Philosophy. Or we choose what to follow based on Philosophy first. If you have true knowledge and understanding of Prophecy, your Intellect will have submitted to it. If you are arrogant and ignorant, you will follow your own Intellect above that which Prophecy has dictated.
Four Sources of where we get our Deen from
1. Quran
2. Haddith
3. Qiyas
4. Ijma
Ijma is scholarly consensus, on whatever issue. Qiyas, is for instance, it says in the Quran not to *tut* at your parents, so from that you infer that you must not at all strike your parents; even though Allah does not say specifically literally and directly if it is allowed to strike your parents or not; as you and I know, the Quran is in poetry, poetry excepts the reader to read deeply. Qiyas is like (scholarly) inference then.
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